tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34692649896903268672024-02-20T11:41:07.169-08:00Essays helpWhat Your Essay Is Going To Be On A Presents My Position On A Topic ________alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-14318705655721366032020-08-23T02:02:00.001-07:002020-08-23T02:02:04.507-07:00Illegal Immigration Issues Free Essaysalexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-43710906754676497042020-08-21T23:44:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:44:31.076-07:00Information Security Privacy in Healthcare Discussing the HIPAA Standards RequirementsPresentation Today, like never before previously, it has become progressively evident that the every day working of a social insurance foundation generally relies upon the honesty, accessibility and constancy of its data frameworks. Tolerant wellbeing data, research, activities, and fund all rely upon profoundly available, solid, and powerful programming applications, information, and data innovation framework (Glaser Aske, 2010).Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Information Security Privacy in Healthcare: Discussing the HIPAA Standards Requirements explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, medicinal services suppliers are legally necessary to carefully watch an unpredictability of measures as laid out in the protection arrangements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). This paper surveys some basic issues identified with authoritative strategies, methodology and documentation prerequisites overseeing wellbeing substances for HIPAA consistence. Issues in Information Technology Reporting Data One of the hidden issues shrouded in the record is the requirement for secured elements to fix inward and outside consistence techniques by guaranteeing that their business partners buys in to a lot of gauges and necessities planned for guaranteeing the trustworthiness and unwavering quality of the electronic ensured wellbeing data (EPHI). This goal is accomplished by guaranteeing that the secured substance gets consented to protection arrangements with the business partners, especially on the utilization and exposure of EPHI (HIPAA, 2007). The subsequent issue concerns the requirement for the secured element and its partners to direct ordinary reviews on EPHI not exclusively to guarantee consistence with the necessities and measures sketched out in the Act, yet additionally to ensure that EPHI is utilized for the expected purposes. Business partners, for example, programming engineers, should consequ ently create and actualize record-level security planned for limiting access to EPHI woefully to the individuals who are permitted by the Act (Sarrico Hauenstein, 2011). The factors of EPHI that requires defending as sketched out in rules and guidelines of HIPAA likewise comes out firmly in this archive. In fact, the Act requires all partners â⬠secured elements, supports, business partners, and subcontractors â⬠to consistently guarantee the privacy, trustworthiness, and accessibility of EPHI (HIPAA, 2007). For instance, a sub-operator shrunk by a business partner of a secured element to make a segment of the electronic wellbeing register (EHR) must not just guarantee the secrecy, honesty and accessibility of EPHI under its ownership, yet should consent to consent to consistence arrangements that proper the errand of executing sensible and fitting protections to the subcontractor (HIPAA, 2007; Cannoy Salam, 2010).Advertising Looking for paper on wellbeing medication? How abou t we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fourth, the article has exhaustively examined how breaks to the security of patient wellbeing data ought to be tended to either by the secured substance or by the business partners, supporters, or subcontractors. Finally, the report has laid out how arrangements and systems required by the Security Rule ought to be fused with the organizationââ¬â¢s crucial culture to empower powerful usage. Here, the secured elements are given a breathing space to alter the guidelines and systems of the Security Rule to accommodate their present strategic policies for approach improvement and execution, as long as the changes are archived and actualized as per the prerequisites of the Act (HIPAA, 2007). Security Breaches The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) characterizes a break as the ââ¬Å"â⬠¦acquisition, access, use, or revelation of ensured wellbeing data in a way no t allowed under [the HIPAA security rule] which bargains the security or protection of the secured wellbeing informationâ⬠(Brown, 2009, p. 27). In that capacity, any utilization, divulgence of, or access to, electronic patient wellbeing data that isn't explicitly allowed by the HIPAA protection rule establishes a security penetrate. For instance, inappropriately revealing patient wellbeing data that contains the name of the patient and dates of his/her arrangements to an outsider who isn't permitted by the HIPAA security rule to approach such data establishes an infringement of the protection rule yet not a considerable hazard; notwithstanding, the ill-advised use or revelation of touchy patient data, for example, the sort of administrations got by the patient, comprises a break since such divulgence could bring about damage to the patient (Brown, 2009) Technologists working in the secured element should report the penetrates to the people who could be hurt as an immediate res ult of the break. Genuine breaks, for example, those including in excess of 500 patients in a given state or ward, must be accounted for to the media and the Secretary to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). For breaks including under 500 patients, be that as it may, the technologists need to answer to the organization of the secured substance, who at that point keep up a log of the announced penetrates with the expect to advise the HHS not late than 60 days after the expiry of the schedule year (Brown, 2009).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Information Security Privacy in Healthcare: Discussing the HIPAA Standards Requirements explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Requirements The necessities noted in the record include: authoritative prerequisites; necessities for bunch wellbeing plans, and; strategies, systems and documentation necessities. Under the hierarchical necessities, the secured element is required to go into restricting agreements or different courses of action with business partners who will have direct access to the secured entityââ¬â¢s EPHI so as to guarantee the viable usage of regulatory, physical, and specialized shields that everything being equal and effectively ensure the secrecy, uprightness, and accessibility of EPHI. This prerequisite likewise plots routes through which the business partners should report penetrates to the security and protection of patient information, and the ramifications for resistance (HIPAA, 2007). The standard on the necessities for bunch wellbeing plans obliges the ââ¬Å"â⬠¦group wellbeing intend to guarantee that its arrangement reports require the arrangement support to sensibly and suitably protect EPHI that it makes, gets, keeps up or transmits for the benefit of the gathering wellbeing planâ⬠(HIPAA, 2007, p. 5). This suggests the arrangement patron of the gathering wellbeing plan who approaches touchy electronic patient wellbeing information is required by the Security Rule to design archives utilizing a language which is like that previously required by the Privacy Rule. Thus, the support must not just guarantee sensible and suitable shields to the privacy, uprightness, and accessibility of EPHI under its removal, yet should likewise guarantee that any operator, including a subcontractor, to whom it profits this information is obliged to actualize levelheaded and fitting security mandates to defend the data (HIPAA, 2007). Finally, the necessities manage issues of how a secured substance may change its approaches and systems to accommodate its strategic authoritative culture, given that the alterations are reported and actualized as per the Security Rule (HIPAA, 2007).Advertising Searching for paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More As indicated by Withrow (2010), these prerequisites furnish the secured substances with the adaptability they have to actualize the arrangements and systems of the Security Rule as indicated by their standard strategic approaches, yet they should take alert not to bypass the necessities as revered in the Security Rule. In documentation standard, secured substances are not just required to hold documentation for a predefined number of years (6 years) from the date of its creation or up to the date when the archive was toward the end basically, yet they are additionally expected to make the documentation accessible to the people liable for actualizing the methodology to which the documentation relates (HIPAA, 2007). Auditing and refreshing the documentation varying is likewise a necessity. IT Workers To guarantee adherence to the necessities talked about over, the secured elements must grasp broad and ordinary preparing all things considered, however with specific accentuation to repre sentatives in their data innovation offices (Sarrico Hauenstein, 2011). The guidelines, measures, and prerequisites contained in the HIPAA are mind boggling, along these lines the requirement for IT laborers to embrace thorough preparing planned for illuminating them on situations that may bargain the security and protection of EPHI to a level that may make the substances resistant. In reality, the broad preparing and training ought to be stretched out to the representatives of the business partners. Resistance of the Requirements Organizations are regularly seen as rebellious to the norms and necessities talked about in this paper because of various reasons, with the significant one being the absence of legitimate comprehension of what might be considered as a penetrate to the security and protection of EPHI (Withrow, 2010). For instance, social insurance associations may not realize that some basic demonstrations, for example, a medical caretaker giving an emergency clinic release sheet to an inappropriate patient may comprise a penetrate if the wellbeing data (e.g., treatment for tranquilize misuse) of the legitimate proprietor is remembered for the release sheet. Shifted translations of the measures have likewise been refered to as a significant reason for resistance (Sarrico Hauenstein, 2011). La alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-9580604375921446082020-07-14T00:45:00.001-07:002020-07-14T00:45:04.110-07:00How to Write an Outline for a Narrative EssayHow to Write an Outline for a Narrative Essay A ânarrativeâ is a term that is usually used to refer to a âstoryâ; therefore, a narrative essay is an essay where you describe an event or a sequence of such events to form a more or less short-story-like piece. Narrative essays are probably one of the least difficult essay types â" after all, you donât need to find arguments to persuade your readers to share your point of view. Your goal is to tell a story, and the more vividly your readers will be able to imagine it, the better. A narrative essay is no different from all other papers in terms of the writing procedure, albeit it might not include the research stage (unless you want to dig for information like actual fiction writers do before they produce a book). Given the nature of such paper, it is tempting to let your thoughts roam and build your narration as you would build it while telling a story to a friend. You could not be more wrong in doing so. A written narration should be much more structured to make the same kind of impression as the oral one. Thatâs why a narrative essay needs a carefully developed outline to organize your thoughts. The chapters in the narrative essay outline should follow each other in such a way so as to build tension (if possible) and tell a complete story. Donât worry if your outline doesnât seem quite right at the first try â" you will be able to improve it through revisions. Weâll elaborate on each of the chapters and provide recommendations on writing them below. Chapters to include in the outline The general outline for narrative essay should look like this: Introduction Setting the scene Unfolding of events Climax of the conflict Resolution of the conflict If you want to be guided by a more conventional structure, you can combine chapters 2, 3 and 4 into the main part. Letâs look at every chapter more closely. Introduction. Your introduction chapter should include a few elements. The attention hook is the first one. Where else if not in a story would you try to attract your readerâs attention and hold it until the very end? All the regular attention-grabbing techniques can be used here, including quotations, numbers, etc. The second one is the significance of the topic â" why does it matter for you and why should it be important for your reader? The final element of your introduction should be the thesis statement. You donât necessarily need a conflict for your thesis statement, in a narrative essay itâs just the central idea that you focus on. Alternatively, a thesis can explain why the event was significant for you â" in this case, elements number two and three will be combined in your introduction. This chapter should be quite short, interesting, and relatable. Setting the scene. Setting the scene is the next step in narrative essay outline writing. Here you should describe the situation before events took place from multiple points of view: the history, the people (with physical and personality characteristics), the scenery, etc. There are a few things you should take into account while setting the scene: Use the five senses to convey the feelings generated by the scene before the main event took place. Explain why the setting is important for your narration (if it is). Use foreshadowing, i.e. hinting at how the events will unfold. In general, you should aim for a detailed enough description of the setting to immerse your reader into it. Unfolding of events. The unfolding of events is the run-up to the conflict and its resolution. Try to be consistent in your description â" first, explain how things started to unfold. Show how the actions of people contributed into the inevitability of the climax. Emphasize the feelings and provide sensory descriptions â" after all, your essay is not just a dry account of events, but rather a description of your own perception of them. Climax of the conflict. In this chapter, you should focus on the main conflict and all the related pressure. Again, try to describe the feelings related to such climax and its inevitability in view of the setting and actions of users that took place before it. Resolution of the conflict. Describe how everything ended and summarize the event. This chapter is what you would call a conclusion in all other types of papers. Include the moral of the story here. Why was the story worth writing about in the first place? Tips to consider: The chronological description of events is the most common for a narrative essay, but you will easily find examples of narrative essay outline with a different structure. The actual approach you choose should depend on your goals and the type of event you are describing. Always aim to show things rather than tell about them. Itâs the common commandment preached by writers, and there are no reasons not to use it. Make appropriate transitions between paragraphs to make your story flow and help your reader navigate through it. In narrative essay writing, your own experience serves as supporting evidence â" rely on it. Try to engage all the five senses to make your writing come alive If there was a conflict in the story, stress on it: the best stories are those with a clear conflict and a clear resolution. Be detailed in your descriptions. The better you explain things to your reader, the happier they will be. You can look for narrative essay outline examples online, but make sure to use them only as guidance. You are the owner of the story and you decide how it should unfold. If a certain outline fits your needs better than what others have used, then be it. Narrative essays are usually designed for candidate evaluation purposes (e.g. admission papers), so it will be nice to show that you can be creative in solving problems. Narrative essay or not, donât forget to allocate enough time on editing and proofreading so that your paper is free of grammar and spelling mistakes and other defects. alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-57046800422633139732020-05-21T09:43:00.001-07:002020-05-21T09:43:03.521-07:00Essay on Causes of the American Revolution - 656 Words On July 2, 1776, the second continental congress voted that the American Colonies were free from British influence. (Danzer,102) On July 4, two days later, they adopted the Declaration of Independence. These two events would begin what would become one of, if not the most important events in American History. It began the war of Independence, when America won its right to be free. There were many causes for the American Revolution. However most of them stemmed from paying for the French-Indian War. After the war, in 1763, the British began to feel the strain that often follows the war.(Langley, 14) To raise money Parliament passed the stamp act in 1965, which required the colonists to use special stamped paper for all legal documents,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(Gottschalk, 31) Placing British officials among people who were not used to having their lives scrutinized so caused the colonists to react violently, up to and including tarring and feathering British officials. The American Revolution began in a small Massachusetts town called Lexington. The governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Gage, learned that the Militia was stockpiling weapons, gunpowder, ammunition and other supplies. He ordered his troops to march on Lexington to confiscate the supplies. On April 19, 1765 a force of 700 British troops faced 70 minute men lined up on the green. The fighting was done in 15 minutes. 1 British soldier was injured and 8 minutemen were killed, 9 wounded. Gage did not find any supplies stockpiled however. On the march back, 3,000-4,000 colonials fired on the British, killing them by the dozens. Only reinforcements arriving from Boston stopped it from becoming a complete disaster. (Danzer, 98) According to The Americans, The popular gun during the early war was the brown Bess. Although highly inaccurate at distance, it reloaded quickly and was deadly at close range. Troop movements were by foot or boat. Horse was the fastest method of communication. During the beginning of the revolution, the colonial radicals were outraged at the British butchers who sought to retake control of America. The propaganda promoted Marylanders and Virginians to support the revolution and Officials in SouthShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution : The Cause Of The American Revolution1898 Words à |à 8 Pages The American Revolution was the turning point for the colonies that made up the United States today. It was the war that freed the colonists from British control. But what actually caused the American Revolution? Well, thereââ¬â¢s no simple answer to that question. In fact, most of the causes acted as if they were dominoes. These events can be categorized in four periods of time or setting. These groups are, Salutary neglect, Mercantilism, Boston, and Unity of protests. Salutary neglect was the ideaRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words à |à 5 PagesThroughout history many revolutions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a tr uly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions between residents of Great Britainââ¬â¢s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution738 Words à |à 3 Pagesas the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was a war between the colonists of America and Great Britain and they were fighting over the independence of America from Britain. This war lasted until 1781, when the British surrendered to the Americans, As a result, America is a fully independent country and it has stayed that way since that day. There were many causes of the war, The Stamp Act, the Boston Tea Party, and Lexington and Concord. The first cause of theRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution913 Words à |à 4 Pages While the american revolution was caused from taxes, it was also formed from the effects of a corrupt system of government. The effects of britains rule was a much bigger flame for the revolution then the taxes placed upon citizens. The american revolution was an event that will forever shape us as a country. It was a tough war filled with blood and brutal acts of violence, but it was also an awakening for the colonies that will later become the United States, it showed that while under a governmentRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution880 Words à |à 4 Pages The American Revolution is the most important time in all of American history. This brought the birth of a new country and the treasured constitution. In the beginning, colonists were proud to be British. In the years to come, there were small occurrences that bothered the colonists and led to the Revolution. Other countries contributed to the start of a crueller British control. The French and Indian War caused King George III to introduce expensive taxes (Pavao). These taxes came about becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1335 Words à |à 6 Pageswere multiple causes for the American Revolution, but the most important was the violation and deprivation of rights from the American People. The American people were faced with multiple acts and taxes that violated and took away their rights. Americans were continuously being taxed after the French and Indian War by acts like the sugar act, the stamp act, the Townshend acts,the tea act, and many more(Hedtke, et al., The Ame rican Saga). Despite all the taxes being placed on the Americans and the thingsRead MoreCauses of the American Revolution953 Words à |à 4 PagesEmily Thou Mr. G./ Period 1 September 14, 2012 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1755 as an open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. For example, the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution886 Words à |à 4 PagesThe American Revolution began on April 19, 1775. It was the war between Great Britain and its colonies located in the New World. The colonists, as many historians put it, were like children rebelling against the motherland; however, they had many valid reasons for this revolt, including their desire for freedom and independence. My World History textbook says freedom was falsely promised when the colonists had settled (Krull 868). The more direct causes of this widely known rebellion include taxesRead MoreCaus es Of The American Revolution1344 Words à |à 6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution813 Words à |à 4 PagesCauses Before the American Revolution, any imports from England from us had to come in ships owned by the British. Also, we could only sell tobacco and sugar to England. The British took French territory in Canada, east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida which led to the American Revolution. Due to the war, Britain went in debt so, the British government placed taxes on goods so they could make more money. But thatââ¬â¢s not all that led to the American Revolution, both the us and the French alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-59115556835246681482020-05-06T23:09:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:09:15.944-07:00Obesity The Single Greatest Thing - 1270 Words Food is the single greatest thing in our lives. I mean, life is pretty great but food makes us happy, feel good, and we are able to share it with friends and family. To survive we must eat but what happens if we consume too much and overeat or eat ââ¬Å"unhealthyâ⬠food? Although food is quite enjoyable and tasty, there is an issue being ignored by a majority of the world and that issue is Obesity. Obesity is defined as a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on oneââ¬â¢s health. As with any medical condition, people should be informed of the issue and should take said issue seriously. Obesity rates are only growing and it not only affects adults, it affects children as well. To start, would you believe that more than one-third of U.S adults are obese? Thatââ¬â¢s 34.9% or 78.6 million adults. When one hears the word ââ¬Å"obesityâ⬠thoughts of people ââ¬â or themselves maybe ââ¬â that are big, overweight, and unhealthy. More and more people are becoming obese each and every day and as stated earlier in the paper, obesity can affect anyone, man, woman, or child at any age. Obesity can be easily managed by increasing ones physical activity while decreasing calorie intake and eating healthy food. Avoiding some foods like red meat, fatty foods, etc. can make a dramatic difference in maintaining healthy weight or ones journey to lose the extra pounds. While there may be obvious physical changes someone may find when theyShow MoreRelatedObesity in America Essay1472 Words à |à 6 PagesThis essay will discuss obesity in America and the statistical data found surrounding the subject. This is an interesting and personal topic and something very interesting to learn about. The essay will cover different vantage points of obesity including obesityââ¬â¢s relationship to poverty in the U.S., parentsââ¬â¢ fight for more physical activity in schools to combat childhood obesity, statistical data about Americaââ¬â¢s obese population and even a spurious correlation between obesity and sleep duration inRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Childre n And Adolescents1427 Words à |à 6 Pagesas physical inactivity, results in an energy imbalance and can lead to a major social issue of childhood obesity. The World Health Organization defines childhood obesity as a ââ¬Ëserious medical condition consisting in excess body fat that affects children and adolescents.ââ¬â¢ To address this problem, assessing the factors that have been suggested as contributing to the development of childhood obesity is vital. Some of these include genetic factors, declining levels of physical activity, increased timeRead MoreHuman Stomach And Impacts Of Human Gut Bacterial Transplantation1395 Words à |à 6 Pageshuman stomach and impacts of human gut bacterial transplantation in mice on obesity Obesity is becoming an increasing problem in America, as well as the whole world. As defined by the CDC, an individual is considered obese when they have a BMI of 30.0 or higher. BMI stands for body-mass index, and is used as a standard for measuring the % body fat of an individual.(CDC, 2014) In addition to being overweight, obesity comes with a myriad of other health risks including: high blood pressure, strokeRead MoreObesity and Its Related Issues1510 Words à |à 6 PagesObesity and its related issues; diabetes, coronary disease, osteo-disease, and liver and renal failure, is an endemic problem in contemporary American society. So much so, for instance, that First Lady Michelle Obama has announced an initiative fighting obesity. She, too, is calling obesity an epidemic and one of the greatest threats to the future health of the United States. Her approach is multifaceted, concentrating on education, availability of healthy foods, and exercise programs for youth soRead MoreTe chnology Has Exceeded Our Humanity1511 Words à |à 7 Pagesprehistory, the human race has evolved and changed the world they had been given. All they had was the greatest weapon they could find; their minds. Each individual brain cell worked hard to make a civilization that could expand and improve for generations to come. Sadly, as civilization flourished, more and more technology was developed and integrated into our daily lives.Technology is not a bad thing, but it has taken away our humanity. Our humanity is our instinct to survive and use our mind. NowadaysRead MoreHow Culture Influences Health Of All Individuals1389 Words à |à 6 Pagessodium and rich in saturated fat, as compared with the Latino diet which is rich in fruits and vegetables. They make time for meals and eat without distractions, thus preventing over eating. High sodium, high saturated fat, and over eating lead to obesity, which leads to metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a fancy word for a variety of conditions that can ultimately lead to a range of chronic diseases. This is health concern of all immigrants who adopt a Westernized diet. How has our societyRead Moreadvabtages and disadvantages of electronic media829 Words à |à 4 Pagesadvantages of this advancement is concerned so they are outnumbered. Electronic media has granted us with television, radio, computers, laptops, palmtops, mobiles and many more facilitating types of equipment. Electronic media has not only benefitted us in single field but it has its advantages in various fields. Education has become far more convenient today as printers, projectors, laptops and internet has provided a vast opportunity to get as much knowledge as one can. Now students have a great opportunityRead MoreHigh School Sports753 Words à |à 4 Pagesbecause athletes often get too caught up in winning and get hurt frequently, physical sports also take away from other extracurricular activities. Although sports aid in the prevention of heart disease and obesity. As the article What in The Name of High School Football? states, ââ¬Å"The single greatest factor in preventing the nationââ¬â¢s number one killer - heart disease - is regular and vigorous exercise, and that gets my vote.â⬠Exercising regularly and keeping a healthy diet can prevent many health-relatedRead MoreSports : The Negative Side Of Youth Sports903 Words à |à 4 PagesDehydration is also a major concern. It has been shown that single sport athletes are prone to more injuries than multiple sport athletes. Actions need to be taken to lower these numbers, such as restrictions on the number of practices, the intensity at practice, and more information given to coaches, parents and athletes on how to prevent injuries. These restrictions should consist of limiting the number of pitches a pitcher may pitch in a single game, more sufficient screening being done before an athleteRead MoreHow Obesity Affects Society And How Society Affects Obesity Essay1936 Words à |à 8 PagesHow Obesity Affects Society and How Society Affects Obesity Obesity is a prominent issue not just because the public ignores it, but because the current consumer culture enables it. The key to solving any problem is to figure out the cause. The cause to obesity is simply the decisions made by the consumer and the producer. By examining the root cause of the problem, steps can be made to rectify the obesity epidemic in this country. One issue is, that companies are more concerned with what will alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-88566795211337489432020-05-06T07:33:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:33:57.079-07:00Effectiveness Male Mental Health Care Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays This survey attempts to carry on a qualitative analysis of the efficiency of mental wellness attention places in the UK. The survey will be based on semi structured interviews of some occupants in one such establishment in Manchester Suburbs, aged between 10 and 18. A elaborate literature reappraisal will besides be carried out on the subject. We will write a custom essay sample on Effectiveness Male Mental Health Care Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The survey aims at pin indicating major jobs which immature occupants of mental wellness places are confronting. It besides aims at foregrounding the hinderances faced by immature males while life in a residential place with mention to what they have already gone through. It is hoped that this survey will come in utile for such installations to better their services in the hereafter. It is the responsibility of mental wellness attention places to measure and measure their patient services from clip to clip and to inform the governments about them so that some action might be taken for betterment. Mental wellness attention residences in UK have a batch of restrictions. These include deficiency of good trained staff, a general deficiency of empathy among the staff, deficiency of proper resources to provide the particular demands of its occupants and deficiency of proper communicating with the occupants. These jobs are even more enhanced when it comes to male patients. Males normally do nââ¬â¢t reach societal support systems such as residential mental wellness attention plans unless and until they feel that now their state of affairs is out of their control. This magnifies the jobs because males in such establishments are normally less than females, but are more chronic. Since this is a qualitative survey, it will use qualitative methods of informations aggregation. Best method for such a survey is that of semi structured interviews, because such a agenda provides an chance to the interviewer to obtain maximal information of diverse nature out of the topic. In the Information bulletin ( 2007 ) of Centre for wellness service development, the Author provinces: ââ¬ËSemi-structured interviews focal point on a list of cardinal subjects or inquiries that the interviewer wants the respondent to turn to ââ¬Ë . This is a really suited method of informations aggregation for this research since it attempts at researching the subject. The research worker is non looking for any specific replies ; instead an effort is being made to happen out whatever at that place is to cognize about the effectivity of mental wellness attention residential institutes for males, and to hold an penetration of service user position. Literature Reappraisal: Mental wellness jobs can impact the whole life of persons. Many surveies have been conducted in the yesteryear, look intoing different issues related to mental wellness. Following is a reappraisal of some such surveies: Franz and Barker ( 2009 ) conducted a survey to place different Barriers to Care for Primary Care Physicians Treating Patients with Alzheimer Disease. They concluded that the chief jobs were entree to and communicating with mental wellness specializers, hapless reimbursement policies, and uneven geographic distribution of good trained staff in such installations. Harmonizing to the World Health Organization: ââ¬ËGender prejudice occurs in the intervention of psychological upsets. Doctors are more likely to name depression in adult females compared with work forces, even when they have similar tonss on standardised steps of depression or present with indistinguishable symptoms. Gender differences besides exist in forms of aid seeking for psychological upset. Womans are more likely to seek aid from and unwrap mental wellness jobs to their primary wellness attention doctor while work forces are more likely to seek specializer mental wellness attention and are the chief users of inpatient attention ââ¬Ë . There is considerable sum of prejudice against people with mental wellness jobs among the wellness service suppliers. As cited in the ââ¬ËScience daily ââ¬Ë , Dr Alex Mitchell and his squad conducted a survey in 2009 to look into hinderances in entree to proper mental wellness attention services. They found out: ââ¬ËDespite similar or really more frequent medical contacts, there are frequently disparities in the physical health care delivered to those with psychiatric unwellness with frankly poorer attention offered to ( or accepted by ) those with preexistent mental wellness jobs. ââ¬Ë Patients are besides a spot colored about mental wellness issues. They normally avoid seeing a mental wellness professional. Many of them address their mental wellness jobs to their doctors instead than some mental wellness specializer. Vivian Kovess and co-workers conducted a survey in 2007 to look into the motivation factors in seeking professional aid for mental wellness issues. They found out that: ââ¬ËMore than half of the sample would see their general practician foremost and frequently would go on with the general practician for followup. Mental wellness professionals were mentioned far less than general Practitioners ââ¬Ë . They besides found out that factors like age, instruction and societal support besides affect the seeking of professional mental wellness services.they concluded: ââ¬ËGeneral Practitioners are frequently the point of entry into the mental wellness attention system and demand to be supported. Public information runs about mental wellness attention options and interventions are needed to educate the populace, extinguish the stigma of mental unwellness and extinguish biass ââ¬Ë . Due to gender functions assigned by society, among patients with mental wellness jobs, adult females are more likely to describe as compared to work forces. In 2009 a research was conducted by Bader and Sinha. Their survey was manifold and was conducted on an Iraqi sample. One of their many findings were: ââ¬ËInterviewees describing supplanting as a cause for necessitating mental wellness services were twice every bit likely to be female ââ¬Ë . HARP conducted a DH funded survey in 2003. Its intent was to place Bridges and Barriers into mental wellness of refuge searchers. They concluded: ââ¬ËThe bulk of the male participants in the community audiences felt that work forces in their state of beginning faced specific force per unit areas that did non ease the self-acknowledgement of emotional or mental wellness jobs and that early socialisation in most civilizations did non promote work forces to speak about their jobs ââ¬Ë . A survey ( as cited in Dr Anderson Stanciole ââ¬Ës article ) on ââ¬ËQuality of and entree to wellness attention services ââ¬Ë was conducted by HEALTH QUEST under the European Commission. This was aimed at analysing the barriers of entree to mainstream wellness attention services for people at hazard of societal exclusion. Eight states were studied in deepness. They found out that there was a really complex state of affairs in supplying wellness attention installations to migrators. One issue was of multicultural scene. The migrators had communicating issues. They could nââ¬â¢t understand instructions or state their jobs decently. Second job was that the professionals had no information of their medical history and besides no manner to achieve it. So, along with prejudice, cultural issues like linguistic communication and brought up manner besides pose a barrier in supplying wellness attention services. Sometimes the mental wellness supplying installations have so complicated processs of admittance, that the aid searcher is discouraged automatically. ââ¬Å" A cardinal challenge some groups of refuge searchers face is right set abouting the procedure of using for protection â⬠. ( Guylim Croucher 2007 ) A survey by Gordon Paul, conducted in 1988, cited in Neal A ; Davison ( Ninth edition ) suggests that even in the best residential mental wellness attention places, the Patients do non hold optimum contact with healers or psychologist. The clinical staff spends what is even less than one 4th of their entire on the job hours with the patients. Discussion: Service provided to immature males in mental wellness attention establishments in UK is non every bit good as it is expected to be. ââ¬Å" We have seen many instances where the proviso of wellness attention to refuge searchers has fallen significantly short of what would be accepted as a minimal criterion of attention under international human rights criterion â⬠( Joint Committee on human rights: grounds. P.173 ) Mental wellness is a really huge term and residential mental wellness attention professionals need to concentrate on all the facets of mental wellness. For case, some of the males who were interviewed during the survey pointed out that they had trouble in making the mental wellness attention professionals. Residents in such institutes require proper counsel and reding. They will non profit from the installation if a professional is non available for them most of the clip. Some patients who are non native have besides pointed out linguistic communication issues. The residence should engage proper professionals and perchance an translator for such patients. Bias among the staff was besides reported in some of the semi structured interviews. If the professional mental wellness staff will be biased against people holding mental wellness issues, so there is small opportunity for a life clip improvement of patients. Such immature males are already subjected to a batch of prejudice and unfavorable judgment that can hold a permanent consequence on their lives. They deserve a bias free environment at least inside the installation. One good thing about the mental wellness attention institute is that the professionals over there arrange meetings with the patient ââ¬Ës relations and attention takers from clip to clip to educate them about mental wellness issues that their beloved 1s are confronting. Decision: In visible radiation of literature reappraisal and above treatment, it can be concluded that despite supplying mental wellness attention and installations to immature males, mental wellness attention residential places need to be improved. Hiring of professional, un-biased staff is required. Handiness of and entree to good trained psychologists and clinical psychologists is a must. Young males are more unfastened to therapy as compared to medicine, so counseling Sessionss should be encouraged. Some residential mental wellness attention centres do non carry through the demands of the patients. They should increase their support to run into the basic demands of the occupants. On the whole it can be said that these institutes have both, virtues and demerits. Some issues like colored attitude, handiness of professionals, adequate psychotherapeutics Sessionss and physical demands in such installations need to be addressed. Mentions: Anderson E. Stanciole, Manfred Huber ; 2009. Access to wellness attention for migrators. Policy Brief. ( Internet ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.euro.centre.org/data/1254748286_82982.pdf. ( Accessed: 20 may 2009 ) Bader F, A Sinha R ; 2009. Psycho-Social wellness in displaced Iraqis ââ¬Ë . Pubmed. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19806555. ( Accessed: 20 may 2010 ) Croucher, G. 2007. The challenge of assisting refuge searchers. ASPA Conference. ( Internet ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //docs.google.com/viewer? a=v A ; q=cache: tdsC0kpPXDAJ: arts.monash.edu.au/psi/news-and-events/apsa/refereed-papers/au-nz-politics/croucher. ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 ) Fraz, C.E A ; Barker, J.C 2009. When aid becomes a hinderence. American Journal of Geriatic Psychology. ( online ) .Abstract from Geriatic Psychiatry Database. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //journals.lww.com/ajgponline/Abstract/publishahead/When_Help_Becomes_a_Hindrance__Mental_Health.99920.aspx. ( Accessed 20 may 2010 ) Gender disparities and mental wellness: The Facts. World Health Organization. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/ ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 ) HARP, 2003. DH. ( Internet ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.networks.nhs.uk/uploads/06/03/refugeeconf/lane.ppt ( Accessed 20 May 2010 ) . Joint Comitee on Human Rights.Provision of wellness attention 10th study of session 2006-2007. ( Internet ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.pk/books? id=p_m-YfqqPmsC A ; pg=PA173 A ; dq=problems+faced+by+mental+health+care+seekers A ; hl=en A ; ei=2KD1S5ycGMufrAeNgIX3Cg A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=result A ; resnum=1 A ; ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA # v=onepage A ; q=problems % 20faced % 20by % 20mental % 20health % 20care % 20seekers A ; f=fals ( Accessed: 20 may 2010 ) Mitchell, A 2009. ââ¬ËPeople With Mental Health Problems Receive Inadequate Medical Care ââ¬Ë . Science Daily. ( cyberspace ) .June 4, 2009. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090602083721.htm ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 ) Neal A ; Davison 1997. Abnormal Psychology. ( Ninth Edition ) . Available at: www.wiley.com/college/davison ( Accessed: 21 may 2010 ) Taylor A ; James 1977. Secret of life album. ( Internet ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //mentalhealth.about.com/cs/stressmanagement/a/whatismental.htm ( Accessed 21 May 2010 ) Viviane, K A ; Delphine, S 2007. Motivating Factors for Mental Health. BMC Public Health. ( Online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medscape.com/viewarticle/563591. ( Accessed: 20 May 2010 ) Qualitative research methods. Information Bulletin, CHSD. ( Online ) .Vol I. available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm? harvard_id=34 # 34 ( Accessed 20 May 2010 ) . How to cite Effectiveness Male Mental Health Care Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-66996830548285877522020-04-24T01:39:00.001-07:002020-04-24T01:39:03.025-07:00Possibility of World War Iii free essay sample GP Asignment #2 Name: Prabesh Jha Class : A level Science Roll no:72 Do you think there is possibility of another World War III? Justify your answer. Humans regard themselves the most superior in this world. They suppose themselves eminent. They want to win over all things in nature and now even this trend is applied to get victory over other humans. They think success is more important than peace. This aggressive human nature was the reason for World War I and II. As this nature still exists the possibility of World War III cannot be underestimated. League of Nation was the international peace keeping organization established to avert World War II. But when the conflict raised between the countries and powerful groups formed, the organization petrified and hence no one was able to stop the deadliest war. This shows that if war is really to begin the same can also happen with United Nations at present. We will write a custom essay sample on Possibility of World War Iii or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also observed that the various conflicts among the countries have still yet not been resolved. Israel-Iran, India-Pakistan, USA-Iraq, North-South Korea, and many more do not have good diplomatic relationship. The existing cold war is the warning sign for coming world war. Terrorism can also act catalyst for the coming world war. Al-Qaeda destroying the pentagon of US has been reason for US to have clash with Arabic countries. Pakistani terrorist attack in Hotel Taj of India is also the reason of dispute between India and Pakistan. At present there is competition of countries to be supreme in terms nuclear weapons, which has become foremost threat to the world. First world countries are manufacturing these weapons in large scale. When questioned them about these acts by international organization, they say ââ¬Å"It is only for self defense. â⬠This statement makes another sense indirectly that they are ready to participate if war crop up. Parallel to these aspects we can also see most countries have changed the tradition of lethal war into healthy competitions. One of the best examples is international games like World Cup, Olympics, SAF games, Euro cup and so on. This type of rivalry is beneficial for all nations until it gets transformed into any clash. Even tourism, aids, import, export are one to set up dependency of one another so that countries realize the importance of other nations too and avoid war. ââ¬Å"I do not know what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with stick and stones. â⬠This line by Albert Einstein exquisitely put into plain words that the World War III would be so dangerous that everything would be destroyed in World War III which will reverse earth back to Stone Age. Hence, we must realize importance of unity, avoid war and promote hale and hearty relationship in coming future so that World War III can be avoided. alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-36139384687538713672020-03-17T18:56:00.001-07:002020-03-17T18:56:02.720-07:00critical decision essayscritical decision essays I've chosen the topic: 'Global Warming' to analyse bacause it has become a major scientific and social issue during the past decade. Global Warming-the increase in greenhouse gasses- has captured broad public attention. It should be investigated because it would easily demage the nature and many soico-cultural aspects of life. In the following paragraps, I will introduce you some of the writers, such as Vaclav Smil, Ross Gelbspan ,John Bongaarts and Jennifer Mccullough and their approaches to this global problem. My starting point will be in giving you the issues mainly discussed by these writers. First of all, although these commentators differenciate in their approaches, they all agree that the green-house effect would have catastrophic consequences that can be easily observed on earth. They all chose to begin their articles by identifying what global warming is and the reasons for it. Then they all indicate possible solutions inorder to solve the problem or at least minimize the effects. Moreover, they emphasize on the governmental and international actions which have been taken to cope with this long crisis. All of them interprets through a crossinternational framework. That's because 'Global Warming' has been a world problem. However, the articles differ in many ways. The way they explain the issues are not the same. Vaclav Smil for example, discusses about the issue more generally, by giving some historical data and responses from people. On the other hand, jennifer McCullough only talks about one of the governmental actions: 'Kyoto agreement' and the responsibilities of an individual for decreasing the CO2 emmisions per year. So, Vaclav Smil follows a historical approach in expressing his ideas. On the other side, Stephen H. Schneider, in his article named:'Greenhouse Effect', emphasizes more on scientific and political studies on Global Warming. He points out the scientific issues surround ... alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-70169402481374755332020-03-01T10:43:00.001-08:002020-03-01T10:43:01.856-08:00Stippling - Art DefinitionStippling - Art Definition As a transitive verb,à the act of stippling involves covering an area with dots. What comes right to mind is a wildly time-consuming technique, done with a technical pen and ink (usually black), in which an image is drawn dot by dot by dot. (One may also stipple glass, an engraving plate, a quilt, or even an interior wall.) The resulting image contains no lines. It is a collection of dots, strategically placed to suggest forms, shapes, contrast, and depth. It is left to the viewers eye to complete the picture- a proposition which seldom fails. Stippling is also the manual forerunner of Benday dots and halftones. (For you younguns out there, these were graphic image tools employed before the advent of the computer pixel.) Similar Technique Pointillism is a close relative of stippling, in which the artist, using brushes and different colors of paints, creates an entire composition out of dots. As a noun in this instance, stippling is what one sees, and is the end result of someone using stippling as a verb. alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-6937464815985544812020-02-14T02:09:00.001-08:002020-02-14T02:09:03.366-08:00Synthesize the Peer Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsSynthesize the Peer Review - Research Paper Example To cater these mental issues many psychological clinics are found, in which special psychiatrists are there to help people come out of the mental issues using some special therapies and their own intelligence. However it is recommended by the author Lightner Witmer in his article that these psychiatrists should be given special trainings on psychology before dealing with the people who are going through a tough time especially in education. The psychological clinics were particularly built for the children who were suffering from mental problems which became hindrances in their educational careers but then they also proved to be prolific for the adults confronting the same situation. Moreover clinical psychology can also be pursued as a career, as teaching, research conducting and managing community programs. One of the processes used by psychiatrists to treat the patients of mental illness is might introspection. Introspection is a way through which a person can learn about his own ongoing mental activities, thoughts, beliefs and judgements. It helps people to find out the problem existing in their mind and then strive for the solution. alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-92140967564201022872020-02-01T15:24:00.001-08:002020-02-01T15:24:03.370-08:00Personal Identity in Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsPersonal Identity in Facebook - Essay Example As it has been stated, ââ¬Å"A sociological approach to self and identity begins with the assumption that there is a reciprocal relationship between the self and societyâ⬠(Stets & Burke n.d; p.1). In other words, one cannot define themselves without society. Personal identity is, therefore, who one is in relation to society. Such a society does not only exist in the physical world, but in the digital world as well. As it has been written, ââ¬Å"Social networks such as Facebook can be of great influence in the way all of us in society shape our personal identitiesâ⬠. The importance of this relationship can easily be seen when social networking is the main form of communication between certain close relatives. The way that family members interact online is intriguing to study. The network can act as a variable that changes behavior. Changes in behavior due to online versus in-person communications and activities have been proven. For example, when studying the difference i n consumer behavior online it was found that online buyers tend to be more critical and flighty than in person. This is due to the fact that comparison shopping in easy. (Degeratu et al 2011). Personal Identity Background There has been so much important work done in this particular field that there are countless different methods that are actually used in the networks themselves (Abrudan 2011; p. 25). Some of the main basic operations that deal directly with personal identity are things such as creating a personal profile. Creating personal profile is usually the first thing that visitors asked to do on almost all of the major social networks, including Facebook. The profile will be the first step of the process of conveying much personal information. Of course, they ask for the most basic personal things such as name, age, birthday, and other things for identifying purposes. Those who sign up to be a part of this digital community first introduce themselves by granting their basic definition. The information that they give is part of how they desire to define themselves. Although it is polite habit, self introduction is rarely called for in todayââ¬â¢s society. One need not tell who they are when they enter a mall, for example. This is something that is uniquely common online. It has an effect on how people identify themselves in their minds. After the initial identifying information is completed, there are usually more questions and surveys that work to uncover more about the person. These questions are of all kinds and in various areas such as hobbies, interests, favorite things, relationships, personal preferences, friends, family, contact information, and many other related topics. These are the kinds of questions that require the person to think seriously about who they are. They must decide just how much about themselves that they might be willing to share with the rest of the world. Once they have read through all of the questions that they are ask ed, some even go back over their answers, making sure the answers given are conveying the alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-64874530698648421812020-01-24T11:48:00.001-08:002020-01-24T11:48:03.554-08:00Impact Of Television in Presidential Coverage Essay -- essays research In the 1950's, television, having been introduced to political coverage as a new medium, surpassed the dominance of newspaper and radio media as the primary public source of information regarding politics by 1962. Political processes and events of various measures were all soon televised in recognition of overwhelmingly positive public feedback. By the 1970's, live coverage of major political events were as common as seeing grass on the ground. Through the impact of television, political campaigns and elections have never been the same as they were before 1952ââ¬â the presidential race between Dwight Eisenhower and Adlai Stevenson. Political advertising enthusiast and author, Frank Biocca, states that this race was ââ¬Å"essential to campaigning as we know it todayâ⬠ââ¬â creating a gateway in American politics as the Eisenhower campaign called upon product advertising executive, Rosser Reeves, to produce a series of short spot commercials to enhance Eisenhowerââ¬â¢s image in the public eye. These ads, which were as well crafted as any product ad, appeared during commercial breaks of television programs and were the first of its kind. These pro-Eisenhower commercials, which Stevenson refused to do, helped shape a caring, friendly, and devoted persona of Eisenhower into the minds of the masses which is credited to his electoral victory. Although Stevenson acknowledged the power of television, producing ads for his 1956 race, he still wasnââ¬â¢t able to thwart Eisenhowerââ¬â¢s already-established popularity among the American people. Political advertising in the use of television has become so significantly renown that it is the ââ¬Å"major form of communication among candidates and the voters they seek to reach out toâ⬠according to Richard Brody, Stanford University Press. In realization of Eisenhowerââ¬â¢s success, every presidential campaign since 1952 has relied extremely on political ads. 40 years later, the political parties of George Bush, Bill Clinton, and Ross Perot spent over $110 million for the production and air time of television spots during the 1992 presidential race as reported in the ââ¬Å"Social Science Quarterlyâ⬠of June 1993. Presidential victory is not the only concern of a particular political party, however, as 50-75% of the campaign budget for Senate and Congressional seats goes to televised political advertiseme... ...ssing the President: The Media, Elite Opinion, and Public Support. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1991. Chomsky, Noam (1989); Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies. Boston Biocca, Frank (1991); Television and Political Advertising (Vols.: I & II). Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. Patterson, Thomas, and Robert McClure. 1976. The Unseeing Eye: The Myth of Television Power in National Politics. New York: Putnams. Anonomous. "Television News and Presidential Campaigns: The Legitimization of Televised Political Advertising." Social Science Quarterly (Austin, Texas), June 1993. Cundy, Donald T. 1986. "Political Commercials and Candidate Image: The Effect Can be Substantial." Mutz, Diana C. 1995. "Effects of Horse-Race Coverage on Campaign Coffers: Strategic Contributing in Presidential Primaries." The Journal of Politics 57(4):1015-1042. Kraus, Sidney (1988); Televised Presidential Debates and Public Policy. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum. Cunningham, L. (1995); Talking Politics: Choosing the President in the Television Age. Westport, CT: Praeger. alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-3340681014418260992020-01-16T08:12:00.001-08:002020-01-16T08:12:05.861-08:00Chapter 14 Outline Ap World History.Outline Introduction: Every year or al least once in their life, the Muslims must travel to Mecca. This is a holy pilgrim that has been a tradition for the Muslims since Muhammad made the trip. At the beginning the pilgrims to Mecca were made by small amounts of people. However, by the ninth century, thousands of people traveled to Mecca in the 9th lunar month. All these people survived on food and water provided by the government. The Muslim government made a great effort to keep the roads and the cities clean and ready for the travelers.The hajj was not only solemn observance, but it was also an occasion for joy and celebration. The word Islam means ââ¬Å"Submission,â⬠which means obedience to the rule of Allah. If somebody accepts the Islamic faith it means that he/she is a Muslim. Even though this belief started with one man, by the end of the eighth century Islam stood alongside the Byzantine Empire. A Prophet and his World: Islam appeared in the Arabian Peninsula, and thi s religion reflected the cultural conditions of itââ¬â¢s homeland. Living in Arabia has always been hard because of the bad agriculture and the harsh climates.However people have been able to survive for a long time and they built a strong empire that was based upon family and submission. Arabia figured out the trading opportunities and took advantage of them. Arabia became an important trading center for India china and the Mediterranean. Plus they started receiving commodities. With the awake of classical empires, trade routes became insecure. Merchants abandoned the overland routes and they started using sea routes that passed through the Arabian Peninsula. This greatly influenced the economy of the city of Mecca.Muhammad and His Message: The prophet Muhammad was son of nomadic Bedouin herders and merchants. He was born in 570 C. E. and he was son of an honorable merchant family. He had an education, and they cared for him. However, when he was young he worked for a wealthy wi dow that later became his wife. He got some power in the Mecca society, but he didnââ¬â¢t get a high position. By the age 30 Muhammad had established himself as a merchant and he lived a comfortable life. He lived and knew about many other different religions and he knew the cultures of other peoples.According to the stories Muhammad received some messages from the Angel Gabriel which told him to convert his family and the world and to give them the message of god. Muhammad presented oral lessons that he passed to his students and the people. However when he dies, his students compiled his teachings in a book called the Quran. Most important after the Quran itself are traditions known as hadith, which include sayings attributed to Muhammad. Muhammadââ¬â¢s Migration to Medina: He first began for converting his family and then the community.Muhammad became popular and that brought him problems with the ruling elites of Mecca. Muhammad insisted that Allah was the only god and tha t there shouldnââ¬â¢t be any other deities to which we pray. The elite also saw him a treat because he said that Allah was going to punish greed. Because of all the danger in Mecca, Muhammad had to fled. He fled and joined a group of his followers in Yathrib, a rival trading city. Muslims called their new city Medina which also means the city of the prophet. In Medina he organized his followers into a community and he provides it with laws and a social code.He looked after the economic welfare of his community; he did this by trading or by launching expedition. Muhammad started to call himself the final prophet because he was going to at last reveal the message of god to the people. He teach that the Christian god and all the other major gods were the same. All of them were Allah and he also accepted the Jewish and Christian prophets. The Establishment of Islam in Arabia: Even thought they succeeded in Medina, Muhammad and his followers planned on returning to Mecca.In 630 he and his followers attacked Mecca and they conquered the city. They forced the rich to take Allah as their main god and they imposed a government dedicated to Allah. They also destroyed the shrines of other deities and they built mosques. In 632 Muhammad made the first pilgrimage to the Kaââ¬â¢ba. The foundations of Islamic faith as elaborated by Muhammad consist of obligations known as the Five Pillars. Added to the Five Pillars the Islamic people must follow the holy law known as the sharia. Through the Sharia, Islam became more than a religious doctrine.It became a way of life that people must strictly follow. Expansion of Islam: After Muhammadââ¬â¢s dead the religion faced a period of instability because he left no predecessor. Some people that had barely been conquered, broke from Islam, took back their independence and they became free again. However, within a short time, the Islamic community built a strong army that expanded its power and conquered many lands that converte d into Islamic. These conquests lead the foundation of the rapid growth of Islamic society. The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty:Since Muhammad said that he was the last prophet when he died, there could not be another prophet to lead the Islamic society. However, they decided to chose Abu Bakr as deputy. He was the closest of Muhammadââ¬â¢s friends and he was one of the most devoted disciples that he had. He was a religious leader, but he was also the Military commander. During the century after Muhammadââ¬â¢s dead they expanded beyond the boundaries of Arabia, carrying with them their religion and their authority. Durig this period of time they conquered Persia and Africa.Because of this rapid expansion, the government had problems with governing and administration. It was just too many people to control. Disagreements over the succession lead to the emergence of the Shia sect, which wanted Ali and his successors to caliphs. The Shia survived because they created differ ent rituals and they appointed different holydays. The Shia Muslims also made changes in the Quran in order to support the partyââ¬â¢s views. The Abbasid Dynasty: Rebellion in Persia brought the Umayyad dynasty to an end. The chief leader of the rebellion was Abu, he was a descendant of Muhammadââ¬â¢s uncle.Even though he was a Sunni Muslim, he allied himself with other Muslims in order to convert people from the Mediterranean. The Umayyad didnââ¬â¢t want to surrender to the Abu. One day Abu invited the rich, influential men to a banquet to make peace. However, during the banquet they were arrested and murdered. After they were killed Abu founded the Abbasid dynasty. This dynasty was more cosmopolitan than the previous dynasty. Instead of conquering new lands, the Abbasids largely contented themselves with administering the empire they inherited.The high point of the Abbasid dynasty came during the reign of Harun. This king provided with liberal support for artists and writ er, and he distributed money and wealth to the poor people. After the death of the emperor, the Abbasid Empire declined. This was due to the conflicts of succession. At the end the Mongols extinguished the already weakened empire in 1258. Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World: As in other agricultural societies the farmers worked in the land while the merchants stayed at the city and feed themselves with the food that the farmers produced.The creation of empires had dramatic implications and results. For instance, the Abbasid Empire created a zone of trade, exchange of ideas, and a communicating route. New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth: As the soldiers, merchants, administrators and the population traveled to other parts of the world, they encounter different animals, plants and cultures. Then they brought those ideas and teach them to the people of their empire. The introduction of new crops to the west had many positive effects for the economy.New food crops led to a richer and more varied diet. They also increased quantities of food and some plants, such as cotton, were used to make a profit. Travel and communication in the dar al-Islam also encouraged experimentation with agricultural methods. The cultivators copied systems of irrigation and techniques that would help them produce more food. The increase of agricultural production contributed to the rapid growth of the empire. Paper manufacture appeared in the Islamic cities during the Abbasid era. Chinese people made paper since the first century B.C. however with the diffusion, the paper techniques spread to Islamic world around 751 B. C. The Formation of a Hemispheric trading Zone: From its earliest days Islamic society drew much of its prosperity from commerce. Muhammad was a merchant, and he held merchants in high stem. According to early accounts of his life Muhammad said that merchants would stand alongside martyrs to the faith on the Day of Judgment. By the time of the Abbasid Empire, trade networks linked all the regions of the Islamic world and joined it to a larger hemispheric economy.Arab and Persian mariner borrowed the compass from its Chinese inventors and used it to guide them on the high seas. From Southeast Asian and Indian mariners, they borrowed the lateen sail, a triangular sail that increased a shipââ¬â¢s mobility. They established multiple branches that honored letters of credit known as Sakk drawn on the parent bank. Trade benefited also from techniques of business organization. As a result of improved transportation, expanded banking services, and refined techniques of business organization, long-distance trade surged in the early Islamic world.They brought many things such as silk and spices form far away. The Changing Status of Women: There was a patriarchal society even before Muhammadââ¬â¢s time. However, Arab women enjoyed right that women in other parts could never dream of. For instance, they could legally inherit property, divorce husbands, and engage in business ventures. However, in some respects the Quran enhanced the security of women in Arabian society. It portrayed women equal to men in the eyes of Allah. However, the Quran and later the Sharia reinforced male dominance. They recognized descend trough the male line.Even though they teach that women should be treated with delicacy and respect, it allowed men to have up to four wives, whereas women could only have one husband. The veiling of women was not originally a tradition of the Muslims. This tradition came from the Byzantine and Sasanid Empires. At the beginning women had many rights stated in the Quran, however as time passed, the scholars modified the Quran and they took away the rights of women. Islamic Values and cultural Exchanges: The Quran has served as the cornerstone of the Islamic society.The Quran established a flexible and powerful medium of communication. Even today the Muslims believe that the Quran is the only reli able scripture, translations as not as powerful as the original one. Muslims missionaries spread Goadââ¬â¢s message, but they allowed the people to still practice their old religions or beliefs. The foundation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition: The Muslims scholars studied the Quran and stories about Muhammad in order to create moral guidelines appropriate for their society. Formal institutions helped promote Islamic values.Many mosques maintained schools that provided elementary education and religious instruction, and wealthy Muslims sometimes established schools and provided endowments for their support. By the tenth century institutions of higher education known as Madrasas appeared. Muslim rulers supported the Madrasas because they had interest in recruiting literate and learned students with an advanced education in Islamic theology and law for administrative position. Sufis also appeared. Sufis were especially effective as missionaries because they emphasized devotion to Al lah above mastery of doctrine.Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and Greece: As the Islamic community expanded, the people started interacting with people from other societies, especially with Persia, India, and Greece. Persian traditions quickly found a place in Islamic society, since the culturally rich land of Persia fell under Islamic rule. Persian Influence was as noticeable in literary works from the Abbasid dynasty. While Arabic served as the language of religion, theology, philosophy, and law, Persian was the principal language of literature, poetry, history, and political reflection.Chapter Summary (taken from AP textbook) The religion of Islam emerged on the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh centuryà C. E. as a result of the vision and the teachings of Muhammad. His message attracted a rapidly expanding circle of devout believers, known as Muslims. After Muhammad's death, Arab conquerors spread the word of Islam throu ghout a vast territory extending from the Indus River to the Iberian Peninsula within one century. This rapid expansion of Islam contributed to the development of a massive trade and communication network in which goods and ideas spread freely.The realm of Islam became one of the most prosperous and cosmopolitan societies of the postclassical world. This new society was characterized by, strong commitment to the monotheistic belief system, resting on the Five Pillars of Islam, first articulated by Muhammad and later elaborated on by scholars and mystics. Also, the development of overland and maritime trade and communication routes that facilitated the spread of new crops, trade goods, and ideas, from improved techniques in agriculture to the writings of the classical Greek philosophers.Engagement with and sometimes adoption of various cultural traditions encountered by the far-flung realm and its trade contacts, helped the country. Hence elements of Persian, Indian, Christian, and G reek cultures found their place into Islamic society and thought. Muslims believe that God isà one and incomparableà and theà purpose of existenceà is to love and serve God. Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including through Abraham,à Mosesà andà Jesus, whom they considerà prophets.They maintain that previous messages and revelations have been partially changed or corruptedà over time,à but consider the Qur'an to be both the unaltered and the final revelation of God. Religious concepts and practices include theà five pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and obligatory acts ofà worship, and followingà Islamic law, which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, providing guidance on multifarious topics fromà bankingà andà welfare, toà warfareà and theà environment.The Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam, consi dered obligatory for all believers. Theà Quranà presents them as a framework for worship and a sign of commitment to the faith. They are (1) theà shahadahà (creed), (2) daily prayers (salat), (3) almsgiving (zakah), (4) fasting duringà Ramadanà and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime. Theà Shiaà andà Sunnià sects both agree on the essential details for the performance of these acts. alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-38895678023697091792020-01-08T04:35:00.001-08:002020-01-08T04:35:03.904-08:00The Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare - 1255 Words In the play The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare, it focuses on two sisters who must get married however, the oldest must get married first. Here, Shakespeare presents to the audience, Katharina Minola. Katharina is portrayed as an outspoken and stubborn woman. In the play, Kate cannot find a husband because of her aggressive personality, the men speak negatively about her and believe she is not a fit woman to marry. Although, in the play it may seem like Kate will never find a husband, she undergoes impressive change from being outspoken to a married submissive wife. Kateââ¬â¢s transformation reveals how a woman must lose her individuality to become married and accepted by society. Through the play, Kate is an outspoken andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It is clear that Kate refuses to ever fit the modern wife, she believes she is as equal as any man in the village. Kateââ¬â¢s outspoken opinions causes other characters to dislike her and find her to be a bad example of a woman for society. The men around the town do not speak kindly of her, although Petruchio would disagree and think differently. She is classified as ââ¬Å"a shrewd ill-favored wifeâ⬠(I.ii.59). It can be inferred that the men in the town believe she is not a good example as a wife or would ever be fit to marry. Her being a feminist is not a positive trait to have in this time period because were believed to be obedient wives who obey their husbands and never question what their lover says. She is a woman whose views are ââ¬Å"extolling the principle of male dominance and female subjection as a law of natureâ⬠(Hibbard 378). Kate speaks up for herself and she is a strong believer in equality for both sexes in the relationship. She is classified as ââ¬Å"a most impatient devilish spiritâ⬠(II.i.151). Here, men begin to call her this because she strikes anothe r man for not agreeing with his point of views. The men found it to be highly disrespectful, this reveals an example of Kateââ¬â¢s outspoken and aggressive traits. The characters opinions of Kate are negative because of her actions and beliefs in equality between sexes. Kateââ¬â¢s strong alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-32439273000733135242019-12-31T01:01:00.001-08:002019-12-31T01:01:03.164-08:00The Anatomist By Bill Hayes- Book Review Essay - 724 Words Jillian Spence Period D Human Anatomy- Physiology Mrs. Rich The Anatomist: by Bill Hayesââ¬â Book Review Why is Grayââ¬â¢s Anatomy considered a turning point in medical history? Explain. (3 examples) Grayââ¬â¢s anatomy is considered a turning point in medical history. As a first example, the detailed pictures that Hayes discoveries in this more than a thousand-paged book is incredible. These pictures that Hayes initially used to identify body parts catches his eye in more ways than one, and he falls in love with the site of how Gray illustrates the human body. Secondly, the way that Gray defines the parts of the body through this book in its simplistic yet exquisite language is phenomenal. Taken from Grayââ¬â¢s notes, ââ¬Å"The Coronary Sinus is that portion of the anterior or great cardiac vein which is situated in the posterior part of the left auriculo-ventricular groove.â⬠Finally, the work Grayââ¬â¢s Anatomy sets up the most basic, introductory way of dissection. Going into depth and understanding body parts and terms/functions that one initially would not have none is important for someone delving into the medical field. 2. Describe the relationship between Henry Gray and H.V. Carter. The relationship between Henry Gray and H.V. Carter is established before Grayââ¬â¢s passing; Henry Gray placed H.V. Carter, a doctor, as a major help in his work Grayââ¬â¢s Anatomy. H.V. Carter drew the pictures of the book. H.V. Carter kept studious and was a Christian who kept a alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-26479160310689534242019-12-22T20:47:00.001-08:002019-12-22T20:47:03.610-08:00Crime Is An Age Old Phenomenon - 1798 Words Introduction It is often said that crime is as old as mankind. But if crime is an age-old phenomenon, it had to be recently that many researchers have turned their attention to the issue of victims of crime. For instance, the word ââ¬Å"victimâ⬠did not appear in the English language until 1497. Derived from the Latin word victima, the word originally did not refer to crime victims but to a living creature killed and offered as a sacrifice to a deity or supernatural power (Oxford Dictionary, 1983). The word victim was not used in the sense of a person who was hurt, tortured or killed by another until 1660. That basically means that the whole concept of victim of crime did not come about until the 17th century. I. The Development of Victimology During the twentieth century is when the development of social concern, protest, activism, intervention, legal, political, and social services, reform, research, and teaching about victims of crime. In many other countries the victim movement became a significant political influence, which lead to considerable reforms in many fields. Here in the United States, the victim movement was initiated in the 1970s. The womenââ¬â¢s movement along with the civil rights movement was one of it main inspirations. Another one of its biggest inspirations was the social concern about the theatrical increase in crime rates here in the United States. Many activists and politicians were aware that the system of constitutional protections in the United StatesShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Should Be Prohibited By Our Justice System923 Words à |à 4 Pagesteenagers whose ages less than 18-year-olds exacerbating the tragedy of death. ââ¬Å"Since the series of Supreme Court decisions upholding the use of the death penalty for juveniles, juvenile offenders have received the sentence of death fairly consistently, at least during the past 20 years. Since 1973, 196 juvenile death sentences have been imposed. This accounts for less than 3 percent of the almost 6,900 total U.S. death sentences. Approximately two-thirds of these have been imposed on 17-year-olds and nearlyRead MoreSummary Of Tweens : Ten Going On Fourteen 953 Words à |à 4 PagesColumbia University. The 66 year old is currently a professor at Brooklyn College and Parsons School of Design. In 2010, she was named William E. Simon fellow at the Manhattan Institute and the contributing editor of City Journal. Hymowitz enjoys writing about American childhood and education. Her books include, Ready or Not: Why Treating Our Children as Small Adults Endangers Their Future and Ours (1999), Liberationââ¬â¢s Children: Parents and Kids in a Postmodern Age (20 03), Marriage and Caste in America:Read MoreCyber Threat, Its Scope And Its Impact On National Security991 Words à |à 4 Pagesnations, to businesses and to individuals. INTRODUCTION In a world where information and communications technology (ICT) that provides the mode so people can work with each other electronically in a digital form over large distances, cyber threats and crimes are of great concern. Computerized technologies are implemented to improve and enhance the efficiency of creative and working processes in every facet of life and the world of cybercrime is no exception. Cybercrime is an illegal activity that involvesRead MoreThe Mystery Of Feminine Power908 Words à |à 4 Pagesworld. From the early starts of Mesopotamia, to the Greek and Mayan profits and finally to our modern magical women today. There is no set word to state what these women are called, but like most mythical things, witches were and still are a huge phenomenon even today. There are many definitions of what a witch is. The most common one is, ââ¬Å"a woman thought to have evil magic powers. Witches are popularly depicted as wearing a black cloak and pointed hat, and flying on a broomstick,â⬠which is typicallyRead MoreSynthesis Essay- Juvenile Incarceration Into Adult Prisons1414 Words à |à 6 Pagespunishment for those who have committed heinous crimes, the justice system should not convict children and adolescents as adults because of the child s circumstances that lead to the crime as well as the disastrous effects it causes on the mental and emotional state of the ch ild. 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He was interested in Catholicism for a short periodRead MoreESSAY - Examine sociological explanations for the lower rates of recorded crime in rural compared to urban areas1414 Words à |à 6 PagesQUESTION: ââ¬ËExamine Sociological explanations for the lower rates of recorded crime in rural compared to urban areasââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ ¦ A group of sociologists based in Chicago became known as Chicago School, and they argued that the growth of cities produced distinctive neighbourhoods, each with its own characteristic lifestyle. Shaw and McKay applied this perspective to their study of delinquency. Statistics from their study shows that 9.8% of crimes committed are usually found in the Central Business District (CBD). HoweverRead MoreIts Time to Stop Child Trafficking Essay examples1663 Words à |à 7 Pagestrafficking. However, the UNICEF website shows that ââ¬Å"Every year, thousands of Beninese children and 1.2 million young people across the globe are victims of trafficking-300,000 of them in West and Central Africa alone. ââ¬ËChild trafficking is a global phenomenon of unprecedented magnitude. Itââ¬â¢s one of the major human rights violations in the world today.ââ¬â¢ Said Mr. Duamelleâ⬠(Reine David-Gnahoui). From these data, people should pay more attentions on children cases, because children is the future for theRead MoreThe Relationship between Poverty and Crime879 Words à |à 3 PagesPoverty and the relationship it has to crime is a long standing sociological, humanists and historical phenomenon. From the plight of the third world to the violence soaked inner city streets of the 1980ââ¬â¢s, the relationship of crime and poverty has been the source of a great deal of social commentary. In societies throughout the world and throughout history there has always been a traditional measure of deviance through relative income gaps. Both poverty and crime as well as their connections are heavilyRead MoreStockholm Syndrome : A Psychological Phenomenon1312 Words à |à 6 Pagessympathize and defend their abuser or kidnapper. Stockholm Syndrome is a psychological phenomenon that has been analyzed in professional articles by various scholars, but is it real? High-profile cases are reported by the media, although the diagnosis is not described in any international classifi cation system, including the DSM 5, the bible of psychiatric disorders. Is the Stockholm syndrome a real psychological phenomenon, or is it just an expression used by the media, a label that can be put onto every alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-39643447378063706882019-12-14T17:17:00.001-08:002019-12-14T17:17:06.497-08:00Pennsylvania Adoption Law Free Essays Adoption has been prevalent since time immemorial. In fact, history tells that the practice of adoption dates back as far as the 18th century BC. This was practiced by the ancient civilizations such Romans, Greeks, Egyptians, and Babylonians. We will write a custom essay sample on Pennsylvania Adoption Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is even referred to in the Bible and other religious texts (Meiser, 1997). Adoption is the process whereby a child is removed from his/her biological parents and placed with non-biological parent(s). This establishes a parent and child relationship, in contemplation of law, between persons not so related by nature (Adoption, 1994). Thus, adoption creates a legal parent-child relationship between individuals without the benefit of biological relation. Reasons for the Emergence of the adoption In the early decades of the twentieth century, adoption was rather unusual. In fact, adoption was not recognized by the common law, and exists later in the United States solely by virtue of the special statutes. Thus, adoption was not a common way to form a family. Due to humanitarianism, upward mobility, and infertility, however, adoption started to be institutionalized. These factors mirrored reality especially in 1920s and 1930s, when inquiries made by adults about children unattached to their families greatly increased in the United States. Through adoption, children are transferred from adults who do not want or is not capable of becoming parents to adults who want the offspring and is capable of giving love, time, and an acceptable standard of living. Hence, adoption is considered as a salvation to married couples deprived of bearing their own children because of infertility since this process allow them to form families of their own. Likewise, adoption allowed illegitimate children to be protected from social stigma as they are legitimized once adopted by their adopting parents. Thus, adoption gives a fresh start to everyone involvedââ¬âthe mother can erase her past by placing her baby for adoption, the child can join a normal family rather than being raised by a single parent, and the adoptive parents can experience the joy of having a child (Martin, 2006). Adoption Phenomenon: Some statistics In 1950s and 1960s, as measured both by number and by the enthusiastic support of a broad white middle class, adoption flourished. Ten years thereafter, or in the 1960s and 1970s, adoption brought a remarkable transformation to society as adoption posted a record high of almost ninety thousand adoptions made by non-relatives. In recent years, however, this number increased by almost forty (40) percent as survey reveals that Americans annually adopt approximately one hundred twenty-five thousand (125,000) children, strangers and relatives alike (Adoption statistics, 2006). This has affected 2.4% of the United States population or about five (5) million Americans (id). The Census also reveals that among those children adopted, sixty-four (64) percent are whites, sixteen (16) percent are African American seven (7) percent are Asians (2000). In Pennsylvania alone, 4,047 children were served by the Pennsylvania Adoption Exchange (PAE) (PAE 2004). Forty-eight (48) percent of these children are African Americans, thirty six (36) percent are Caucasians and five (5) are Hispanics (id). Despite this wide acceptance of adoption in the American society or the inhabitants of Pennsylvania for that matter, a number of children are still ââ¬Å"waitingâ⬠to be adopted. For instance, in Pennsylvania, out of the twenty two thousand six hundred ninety (22,690) children who were placed in foster care, twenty two (22) percent are still ââ¬Å"waitingâ⬠to be adopted (Adoption institute, 1999). Considering this unprecedented increase in adoptions in the country, the United States senate is pushing for a bigger funding for the child support enforcement and family support programs to be paid to various states. Thus from a mere $2,121,643, 000 appropriated in 2006, the proposed budget for the administration of children and families is increased to $2,759,997,000 for this incoming year of 2007 (US Department f Health and Services, 2006). This is equal to a $7,300,00 increase of funding. Adoption Laws in the United States Before the first adoption statutes went into effect in 1850ââ¬â¢s, children were removed from his/her biological parents and were transferred to non-biological parent(s) without the legal recognition of the adoption. As this informal type of adoption increased the State legislature devised a way to formalize the adoption process. Thus, in May 24, 1851 the first adoption statute in the United States went into effect ââ¬â the Massachusetts Adoption of Children Act. Pursuant to the Massachusetts statute, adoption was required to be judicially approved, likewise the consent of the childââ¬â¢s parent or guardian were needed to be secured, and also a finding that the prospective adoptive family was of with sufficient ability to raise the child. History of Pennsylvania Adoption Law Following the example of Massachusetts, the Pennsylvania enacted its own adoption statutes ââ¬â the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes. In earlier times, Pennsylvania provided that adoption could be decreed by the common pleas of courts of the countries. An amendment to this adoption legislation was thereafter made in 1872 wherein the process of adoption referred to as the ââ¬Å"common law form of adopting a child be deedâ⬠was legalized. Under this system, it is possible that an adoption refused by the judge will be consummated by a deed. (Deardorff, 1925). The State legislatures saw the defect in this kind of Pennsylvania system. For under this system, no social investigation of the child and his natural family or of the adopting family was provided. Further, a judge can consummate an adoption without seeing any of the parties and worse, even without sufficient information other than that contained in the petition for adoption. With this kind of system, cases of perjury as to the identity of the natural parents of a child and as to whether or not these natural parents are still alive were exposed. Due to the globalization of the adoption, legislatures have made vigorous reforms as regards adoption statutes. In 1917, for instance, Minnesota passed the first State law that required children and adults to be investigated and adoption records to be shielded from public view (Adoption history in brief, 2006). Decades later, more than twenty states had translated similar standards into law. By mid-century, policies of minimum standard such as certification of child-placers, investigation of the child and adult parties to adoption, and supervision of new families after placement and before finalization were incorporated in the revision of adoption statutes in all the states in the country. The policies of confidentiality and sealed records were likewise instituted by most states. Confidentially of records, however, at this time meant that the records of information are off limits to the inquisitive members of the public but kept it available to the children and adults directly involved in adoption, who were called the ââ¬Å"parties in interest.â⬠Similarly, in 1925, under the Pennsylvania adoption law, the adoption was accessible to anyone curious enough to search it out. Other court records were sealed only at the discretion of a judge, in which case they could then be inspected by court order. In 1947 however, Pennsylvania followed suit in sealing its records. Although the records were sealed, adoptees who would reach the age of twenty-one (21) could still obtain their original birth certificates from the Office of Vital Statistics. Then in 1953, court records including the adoption decree were sealed to all, with the exception of being able to be opened upon showing of an undefined ââ¬Å"good cause.â⬠(Holub, 2006) In 1984, after a six (6) year push by state Rep. Stephen Friend, R-Delaware Country ââ¬Å"to close the loopholeâ⬠, as it was termed, the state legislature passed a bill denominated as Act 185 finally closing the records of adoption. Act 185 amended Title 23 (Domestic Relations) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes and provides that all adoption records, and other papers shall be withheld from inspection except upon a court order. The Pennsylvania adoption law, thus prohibits adoptees from obtaining their original birth certificates or any other document that would identify birth parents. That includes baptism certificates and adoption records. After the grace period in February 1985, adoption records were finally closed. This law was pushed by Rep. Stephen Friend since he claimed that young, unmarried pregnant women would choose to have abortions rather than relinquish their children to adoption if it were possible for their adult children to discover their identity. He also asserted that the state should ââ¬Å"keep its promiseâ⬠of ââ¬Å"privacyâ⬠to birthparents. (id) Cynthia Bertrand Holub, a member of the Pennsylvania Advisory Committee to the Joint State Government Commission on Adoption Law, says the desire to ââ¬Å"preserve the middle-classness of these women, so they could relinquish their [illegitimate] child and go home as if nothing had happened,â⬠was one of several forces that led states to seal adopteesââ¬â¢ birth records (2006). Thus, confidentiality now means that when courts issue adoption decrees, they shall produce new birth certificates, thus, listing adoptersââ¬â¢ names in the new birth certificate, and sealing away the originals, which contained the names of birth parents, or at least birth mothers. Criticisms of the Pennsylvania Adoption Law. à The Pennsylvania Adoption law was criticized mainly with respect to the sealing of the adoption records. Critiques refutes Rep. Stephen Friendââ¬â¢s claim that ââ¬Å"unmarried pregnant women would choose to have abortions rather than relinquish their children to adoption if it were possible for their adult children to discover their identity.â⬠They assert that Pennsylvaniaââ¬â¢s abortion rate should have declined and the adoption rate should have risen accordingly. Between 1985 and 1990, however, the abortion rate in Pennsylvania is inconsequential, and Pennsylvania still has one of the lowest adoption rates in the country. They further assert that neither was there ever a single suit by a birthparent for invasion of privacy. Other critique says that the confidentiality made it possible for some of these parents to avoid telling their children that they were adopted at all. As far as a number of birthparents are concerned, they believe that they still have the right to copies of everything relating to the loss of their babies. Dorner, in her book Adoption Search citing the Catholic manual states that ââ¬Å"[b]irth parents also seek information about their children and their adoptive families through the years. Being able to obtain file information pertaining to the time of the pregnancy, is reality basing and healingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Buterbaugh, 2001). On the other hand, supporters of the Pennsylvania Adoption Law, such as the relatives of many unmarried birth mothers also favored the confidentiality measure. After the World War II, when more out-of-wedlock births occurred in middle-class families, mortified parents contends that their daughters should have a second chance to lead normal, married lives. Conclusion Adoption statutes by different states primarily emerged as an answer to the growing unrecorded adoptions in the country. More so, these enactments are hoped to protect the interests of the parties involved ââ¬â i.e. adopting parents, biological parents and the child himself. Adoption statutes, however, are of varying degrees in terms of privacy across states. Recently, Pennsylvania adopted a very strict standard on privacy matters. This means that nobody can actually view the original birth certificate of the adopted child as a new one was created. This new law, however, sowed criticism from different sectors as they believed that biological parents still have the right to information as to what has become of their child. Also, they argued that the child, himself, is entitled to information as to whether he is indeed of the same flesh and blood as that of his known parents. They also sans the statute for allowing adopting parents to forever conceal the truth regarding the childââ¬â¢s birth. How to cite Pennsylvania Adoption Law, Papers alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-3230056946552244912019-12-06T13:41:00.001-08:002019-12-06T13:41:03.486-08:00Astronauts - Hayden Analysis free essay sample In Astronauts Robert Hayden explores the philosophical issues associated with the exploration of the manned mission to the moon. Despite the bravely independent title ââ¬ËAstronautsââ¬â¢ the first five lines of the poem actually reveal the lack of identity and personality of the astronauts, as they are ââ¬Ëfaceless in their visors,ââ¬â¢ an idea that Hayden accentuated in lines three to five where their ââ¬Ëmirror- masks / reflecting the general glare and / shadow of moonscape. The alliteration that Hayden uses not only emphasizes the absence of any defining features on the moon, but also accentuates the slow rhythm, which symbolizes the footsteps on the moon. In turn this echoes the absence of specific details about these astronauts. The absence of personality and identity seems initially to be broken at the end of the first stanza when the poet uses colloquial terms to reflect the astronautsââ¬â¢ excitement as they exclaim ââ¬Ëwowââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëoh boy,ââ¬â¢ Hayden carries this tone over to the next stanza where the word ââ¬Ëexultingââ¬â¢ suggests their elation. However, the fact that Hayden employs a third person stance throughout the poem effectively distances us from the astronauts preventing us from sharing their emotion. This sense of distance is re-emphasized for the reader in stanza two by the parentheses which seem to include a direct address from the poet or persona to the reader reminding us of the ââ¬Ëtrainingââ¬â¢ that the astronauts have undergone encouraging them to ââ¬Ëbe wary of emotion and philosophyââ¬â¢. This disturbance and warning ultimately undermine the excited singing of the astronauts, creating a sense of disappointment, which perhaps foreshadows the fact that we will be left ââ¬Ëtroubledââ¬â¢ at the end of the poem as if the moon landing has left us only with questions and doubts instead of the answers that we perhaps sought in the journey of discovery. The essential emptiness of this scene which should be filled with excitement is perhaps best indicated by the lines ââ¬Ëbreaking / the calcined stillness / of once Absolute Otherwhere. Essentially, these lines may seem to suggest a break through as the poet could be using the contrast between ââ¬Ëthe somewheres that we know on Earth and the ââ¬ËAbsolute Otherwhereââ¬â¢ on the Moon to show that we have finally conquered this most distant of places. However, like the mood of rejoicing at the end of stanza one, this heroic interpretation is undermined as ââ¬ËAbsolute Otherwhereââ¬â¢. Hayden capitalizes this and its position just before the closing of the end-stopped line can perhaps imply that the moon has not really been explored at all. In reality, it seems that the astronauts on the screen remain small, ââ¬Ëpoignantly humanââ¬â¢ and ultimately insignificant in contrast to the vast emptiness of space. The idea of human exploration is emphasized at the beginning of the third stanza by the line ââ¬ËRisking edgesââ¬â¢ and the vulnerability of the astronauts is further reinforced by the fact that it is only their ââ¬Ëmachinesââ¬â¢ and perhaps ââ¬ËGodââ¬â¢ who are ââ¬Ëfriendlyââ¬â¢ to the them. Haydenââ¬â¢s reference to God may reveal how the astronautsââ¬â¢ equipment will not be enough to help them should something go wrong and the irony of relying on God in such a technologically advanced age may be used by Hayden to reveal how insecure the situation of these men really is, an idea accentuated by the question mark after the mildly comic image of Godââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëradar-watching eye? ââ¬â¢ which suggests that even if he were needed, God would not actually be there to provide assistance. This perhaps encourages the reader to reinterpret the title and opening line of the poem, ââ¬ËArmored in Oxygen,ââ¬â¢ which initially seemed heroically grand but in the light of stanza three perhaps suggests the fragility of the astronauts as, like the one word title, the astronauts are isolated and on their own and their only armor is a flimsy gas which now seems insubstantial in comparison to the ââ¬Ëgeneral glare and shadow of the moonscape,ââ¬â¢ and the ââ¬Ësnowshine of sunlight dangerous as Radium. The insignificance of the astronauts is, however, most powerfully emphasized by the description of them as ââ¬Ëanti heroesââ¬â¢ who are ââ¬Ësmaller than mythââ¬â¢. By the end of the poem Hayden has undermined any sense of exultation created in stanza one and he seems to be suggesting that instead of pushing forward the boundaries of science all the moon landing has done is reveal to us something ââ¬Ëpoignantââ¬â¢ about the human condition. Alternatively Hayden could be questioning the value of continued scientific exploration and technological development when any knowledge that we do managed to glean could only ever be inconsequential in comparison to the ââ¬ËAbsolute Otherwhereââ¬â¢ of the universe. Indeed, the fact that the exact nature of what is being questioned is left ambiguous could suggest how humanity is so hopefully confused that we donââ¬â¢t even really know what our questions are. The tone of the final stanza of the poem is ââ¬Ëtroubledââ¬â¢ and uncertain. The triad of questions implies that Hayden and the reader are uncertain about what we want from ourselves or perhaps from life. He seems to be implying that we have sent these men to the moon to find something for us but that they will be unable to do this perhaps because, ultimately the answers, if they are discoverable at all, lie closer to home. Perhaps the absence of a regular rhyme scheme and the fractured appearance of the poem on the page reinforce this sense that, for the reader, there is no real comforting answer or completeness to the questions. alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-86363938730298547702019-11-29T03:31:00.001-08:002019-11-29T03:31:03.750-08:00Moral Growth & Development Essays - Ethics, Psychology, Philosophy Moral Growth Development By Student Id# CPSY-2009-0884: Yinka L. Humes MGC5311: Moral Development Lecturer: Dr. Pan sy Brown 27 th July 2010 Moral deve lopment is the process through which children develop proper attitudes and behaviors toward other people in society, based on social and cultural norms, rules, and laws. Moral development is a concern for every parent. Teaching a child to distinguish right from wrong and to behave accordingly is a goal of parenting. Moral development is a complex issue thatsince the beginning of human civilization has been a topic of discussion among some of the world's most distinguished psychologists, theologians, and culture theorists. It was not studied scientifically until the late 1950s. Moral development fosters positive qualities of character, personality and behavior in children. According to Psychology Press, understanding the difference between right and wrong is the essence of moral development. The basic focus of moral development is the enhancement of a child's ability to relate naturally to other people. This will help a child function well in society, wit h respect for others. Jean Piaget was one of the first psychologists to explain that moral development in a child arises from her decision-making capabilities and quest to find fair and balanced solutions for the problems that face her. Elliot Turiel explained moral development from a comprehensive standpoint in his Domain Theory. He acknowledged that both morality and conventional elements make up moral development and that they mature in varying balances and degrees from person to person. Morality levels and standards vary greatly from one region to another, defined by the religion and culture of local people. However, universal morality extends respect and honor to others without infringing upon basi c rights a concept commonly instilled in children at a very young age. Lawrence Kohlberg conducted research on moral development, using surveys as his major source of assessment. He presented surveys with moral dilemmas and asked his subjects to evaluate the moral conflict. In developing his theory, he made an intensive study using the same survey techniques of the bases on which children and youths of various ages make moral decisions. He found that moral growth also begins early in life and proceeds in stages throughout adulthood and beyond which is until the day we die. Influenced by Piaget's concept of stages, Kohlberg's theory was created based on the idea that stages of moral development build on each other in order of importance and significance to the person. On the basis of his research, Kohlberg identified six stages of moral reasoning grouped into three major levels. Each level represented a fundamental shift in the social-moral perspective of the individual. At the first level, the preconventional level, concrete, individual perspective characterizes a person's moral judgments. Within this level, a Stage 1 heteronymous orientation focuses on avoiding breaking rules that are backed by punishment, obedience for its o wn sake and avoiding the physical consequences of an action to persons and property. As in Piaget's framework, ego-centrism and the inability to consider the perspectives of others characterize the reasoning of Stage 1. At Stage 2 there is the early emergence of moral reciprocity. The Stage 2 orientation focuses on the instrumental, pragmatic value of an action. Reciprocity is of the form, you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. The Golden Rule becomes, If someone hits you, you hit them back. At Stage 2 one follows the rules only when it is to someone's immediate interests. What is right is what's fair in the sense of an equal exchange, a deal, an agreement. At Stage 2 there is an understanding that everybody has his (her) own interest to pursue and these conflict, so that right is relative in the concrete individualist sense. Individuals at the conventional level of reasoning, however, have a basic understanding of conventional morality, and reason with an understanding that no rms and conventions are necessary to uphold society. They tend to be self-identified with these rules, and uphold them consistently, viewing morality as acting in accordance with what society defines as right. Individuals at Stage 3 are aware of shared feelings, agreements, and expectations, which take primacy over individual interests. Persons at Stage 3 define what is right in alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-23949097060970831772019-11-25T11:05:00.001-08:002019-11-25T11:05:03.568-08:00Causes of mental retardation essaysCauses of mental retardation essays In order to be considered mentally retarded, you must have an IQ below 75, have significant limitations in two or more adaptive skill areas, and the condition is present from childhood (defined as age 18 or younger). People can be mentally retarded as all different levels. About 78% of mentally retarded people will only be a little slower than the average person, while in others it is very apparent (Arc of New Jersey). There are many causes of mental retardation. One cause of mental retardation is of genetic conditions. That includes; abnormal gene mixes from parents, errors when genes combine, overexposure to x-rays, and many more reasons. More than 500 genetic diseases are associated with mental retardation. Down Syndrome is an example of a chromosomal disorder (Mental Retardation Issues). Chromosomal disorders occur every once in a while, and are caused by too many or too few chromosomes in the restructure of the chromosomes (The Arc of New Jersey). Another cause is problems during pregnancy. It could happen if the mother drinks or does drugs while pregnant with the baby. Other risks include malnutrition, certain environmental contaminants, and the mother could get ill during the pregnancy. Pregnant women who are infected with HIV may pass it on to their child. Also very stressful and physical pregnancies and births can cause damage to a childs brain (Introduction to Mental Retardation). Mental Retardation also occurs frequently after birth. Childhood diseases such as big coughs, chicken pox, measles, and hip disease, which may lead to meningitis and encephalitis, can damage the brain, as can accidents such as being hit in the head, near drowning situations, and most other accidents involving the head. Another that can be harmful to a child mentally is environmental fumes, lead, mercury, and other dangerous toxins (Introduction to An American ... alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-19053275577729454112019-11-21T18:29:00.001-08:002019-11-21T18:29:03.553-08:00Two short answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsTwo short answers - Assignment Example in 2421 according to place values where digit ââ¬Ë1ââ¬â¢ is in ones place whereas the ââ¬Ë2ââ¬â¢ beside it falls in the tens place the next ââ¬Ë4ââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ë2ââ¬â¢ toward the left are each in hundreds and thousands places, respectively. Then to come up with a scientific notation, the child must note first that the decimal point in that order lies at the right side of the digit bearing the ones place and he or she should move it as many times as until the point reaches the spot between the two leftmost digits which, in this case, are 2 and 4. Consequently, that should make 2.421 then the child must be instructed that the number of times the decimal point is moved would be power of ten that goes with 2.421. Since the point has been moved three times from right to left as indicated, therefore the scientific notation of 2421 ought to be 2.421 x 103 (Banfill). One point would be for the clients to keep track of the list of medications provided by the physician, noting that the more prescribed medicines or drugs taken, the more likely that food and drug interactions would occur. Besides this and the risk factors that include age, gender, medical history, and body composition, a client must understand how drugs alone are acquired by the human body. Second point is to bear in mind that, like food, drug is broken down into useful form through dissolution in the stomach and travels via the bloodstream upon absorption into sites where it needs to operate and perform its repairing action once it has obtained body response or signals. The most important point to consider is the knowledge of the stages in which food may potentially interfere with drug work such as during the process of substance absorption so that when this happens, drug tends to function less effectively. Equivalently, food may also affect the efficiency of drug when food nutrien ts and chemicals react to the drug first yielding new products that may work differently compared to the original components of the medical alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-26001470519294417792019-11-20T16:18:00.001-08:002019-11-20T16:18:04.961-08:00Research paper in argumentative style. Dress codes in public schools- EssayResearch paper in argumentative style. Dress codes in public schools- do they promote a safer environment - Essay Example In recent years, many school and district officials have claimed that there is an increase in improper activities within the school environment, such as violence, gang activity, theft of clothing and conflicts against discipline (Madrid, et al). This led to the introduction of dress codes or uniforms by officials in school districts across the country. Dress codes lay down ââ¬Ëwhat must not be worn,ââ¬â¢ while uniform policies decree ââ¬Ëwhat must be wornââ¬â¢ (Anderson). Private schools were the first to adopt dress codes or uniform policies. Public schools soon started emulating their example (Education Commission of the States). The education officials protested that a state of continuous confrontation had been created between school authorities trying to do their duty by producing an environment conducive to learning, and students rebelling against the restraints of acceptable, protected behavior (Pedzich). They propagated dress codes and uniforms as the way to achieve a safe, secure and orderly school environment. In this context, the school dress code or uniform policy is meant to be a deterrent to violence, gang activity, theft and misbehavior while promoting academic excellence and social development. Cherry Hill Elementary school (Baltimore, Maryland) has the distinction of being the first U.S. public school to implement a uniform policy in the year 1987. Long Beach California Unified School District (LBUSD) became the first school district to adopt a public school uniform policy in 1994. The biggest boost was received when President Bill Clinton catapulted the issue to national prominence in January 1996 when he officially permitted it during his State of the Union Address. Clinton emphasized his support for the matter by ordering the U.S. Department of Education to deliver a brochure called ââ¬Å"A Manual of School Uniformsâ⬠to all the countryââ¬â¢s 16,000 school alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-19489163460865496482019-11-18T14:57:00.001-08:002019-11-18T14:57:04.337-08:00Statement of Purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4Of Purpose - Personal Statement Example I am an international student from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is a large country and areas of science in the country are in the phase of rapid development. It is for this reason that the government has sponsored thousands of students like me to come to the United States and complete their studies in specific fields of science. I would like to utilize this opportunity to its fullest and complete my PhD for bringing about development in the field of Information Systems in Saudi Arabia. I am currently enrolled in the program of Master of Science in Computer and Information Science at the Gannon University, Erie, PA, USA and the expected date of my graduation is December 2014. This masterââ¬â¢s program has motivated me to further continue my studies in the same field and gain expertise through the completion of my PhD. The PhD Program would grant me with an opportunity to polish my skills and gain an advanced understanding of my desired field. I have always had an interest in the field of Information Systems. In the year 2010, I completed my graduation in the field of Information Science from my home country at the Al-Baha University and achieved a GPA of 2.8-4. My graduation motivated me to further achieve higher studies in the field and to gain greater exposure and a better learning environment, I moved to the United States. I enrolled at the ELS Language Center at Cincinnati, OH, USA for one year to get a good grip over English Language so that that I would not face any difficulties during my years of education in the United States. Following this, I started my Masterââ¬â¢s Degree in Information Systems at the Gannon University in January 2013. Currently, I have successfully completed 24 credits out of 33 and my GPA is 3.75-4 which is reflective of my hard work and focus for outshining in my field. With time, my interest in the field of Information alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-70019842185918027162019-11-16T03:30:00.001-08:002019-11-16T03:30:12.629-08:00Vargas Teaching Theory AnalysisVargas Teaching Theory Analysis Question one What are your ideas of teaching? How does that compare with or contrast to Vargas perspective? Answer My ideas of teaching is to have a positive impact on my students in terms of their cognitive domain, affective domain and psychomotor domain. As a professional teacher, I understand that students have different learning styles and that is why my ideas of teaching and method of delivering instructions focuses on student center basically the 4Cs (collaboration, communication, critical thinking and creativity). I want students to have freedom of expression which gives room to open discussion and creativity. This boost their level of confidence and ability to express themselves out there any time. And finally, my Ideas of teaching is to challenge my students, watch them grow to their full potential, develop together for the betterment of everyone. Comparing my ideas of teaching with Vargas perspective, Vargas (2013) believes teaching is not just presenting to an empty class and we both have similar ideas on how teaching should be basically by knowing the students better, work on their behavior in every area and finally she doesnt think knowing the subject matter is a major factor on how students feel or perceive change in their attitude (p. 5). Which I totally I agree with her on this. Question two Briefly summarize Skinners perspective as it relates to behavior Answer Skinner, B.F. believed that the environment is a major determinant of behavior. Skinners perspective people have consistent behavior pattern because they have kinds of response tendencies (Vargas, 2013). He made a discover that most behavior is not the reaction to a stimulus that it depends upon its effect on the immediate environment. Vargas also stated in her book that Skinner believed that it was the consequences of individual actions and not antecedent stimulus that determined what the animals did. He called the behavior operant (p. 8). Question three What is your interpretation of Behavior Analysis? Support your answer with detail from the text. Answer My interpretation of behavior analysis is that it is a natural science that seeks to understand the behavior of individuals. Vargas (2013) explained that behavior analysis is a discipline based on the science first discovered by B.F. Skinner and the practices of operant conditioning have spread to all areas of behavior including animal training, business, clinical work, health and teaching. It is the science of behavior of humans and non-humans (p. 9). Question four How can the discussion What is a Cause (page 21), help the classroom teacher? Answer The discussion what is a cause will help the classroom teacher to focus on conditions or events on which an event or behavior depend on (Vargas, 2013). It will help teachers to learn and adopt strategies to improve behavior. Also what is a cause discussion on p. 21 will help teachers to know more about dependent and independent variables. With this, teachers will know more about the number of problems, assignment completed by the students. It will help them to sense what could be responsible for a behavior to identify functional relations between the behavior. And finally, the way the next generation behave will determine a countrys future more than any other resources within its borders (Vargas, 2013, p. 3). She believes teachers are expected to teach more while they receive more difficult students (p. 4). It is important to understand behavior of these students, it is very important to find the variables responsible for these behaviors. Vargas stated that Finding the causes becomes a search for functional relations among all the contingencies that occur in a setting (p. 22). This is exactly what is a cause discussion explained in details on page 21 of the text which will help the teachers a lot. Question five What new information did you find in chapter 2? Please explain. Answer The new information found in chapter 2 of the text behavior analysis for effective teaching is the functional relation which is a systematic relationship between dependent and independent variables. Independent variable explained as circular explanation or explanatory fiction which is a statement that has the form of an explanation, but in which the cause essentially restates the behavior to be explained while a mentalistics explanation relies on activities of a hypothesized mind to explain behavior (Vargas, 2013, pp. 22-23). Chapter 2 tries to explain more about Independent variables which buttress more points on behavior which can be circular or mentalistics. Question six What did you already know about Pavlov and his theory? After reading about Pavlov in chapter 3, what did you learn about his theory? Answer What I knew about Pavlov and his theory was that he was the one who discovered respondent conditioning and he believed that respondent behavior is controlled by a stimulus. But after reading about him from the text, I learnt that Pavlovs discovery was titled conditional reflexes instead of respondent conditioning (Vargas, 2013). The principle involves respondent behavior which occurs in response to a specific stimulus as part of a reflex. He believes reflexes consist of specific physiological reactions to a specific stimulus (pp. 8-9). What I learnt about his theory as a professional teacher is to be a good observer and a good researcher because it was due to his ability to research and observe that made him noticed something surprising about his dogs salivating before the food was put into their mouths. This is where his investigation began. As a teacher, we must research and observe what different behaviors of students must do with their learning. Question seven Define the Criticism Trap? Have you ever played a role in the criticism trap? Explain. Answer Vargas (2013) defined Criticism trap as a situation where criticizing a behavior you dislike or you wish to decrease seems to work because it temporarily decreases or stop the behavior, but criticizing it strengthens the behavior so that it occurs more frequently in the future. Yes, I had played a role. This happened to me and my wife with our little son at age 2. Anywhere we are going out, hes always excited to follow us but one thing he does is wearing his shoes or slippers the wrongly. After this, we will criticize him always for wearing his shoes wrongly, then he corrects himself and does it again and again. One day we realized criticizing him to correct him didnt work for him, so we adopted a method to correct him. Any time he wears his shoes wrongly, we will calmly correct him and once he does that, we tell him good boy or thats my boy and since then, he wears his shoes correctly and never wears them wrongly. What we learnt from the situation above is that we should praise imperfection and reward approximation the behavior we are looking for. And its working till now. Question eight How can teachers use the information found in chapter 3? Answer As a teacher, lets start from the criticism trap, we shouldnt criticize ourselves too much because in the long run, you will find yourself criticizing your students. We should learn to use praise frequently and use criticism relatively infrequently especially in the classroom. With these, we wont have problems with students. Another information here is punishment. Teachers must know the consequence of punishing a child because punishment has a bad effect on the punisher as well as on the recipients of the treatments (Vargas, 2013, p. 51). References Vargas, J.S. (2013). Behavior analysis for effective teaching (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3469264989690326867.post-90592108302028167332019-11-13T16:01:00.001-08:002019-11-13T16:01:04.085-08:00Physics of How Tires Throw Rocks :: physics tire rockMany of us have gotten rock chips, but how many of us understand how those pesky rocks hit our windshield? A common misconception is that the car in front of us throws rocks "backward" and hits the following car's windshield. A rolling tire cannot throw a rock backwards. A tire is a rolling object, thus every point along the tire is moving forwards. There is no force going in a backwards direction. Only direction part of a rolling object can go is a combination of up or down, and forward. The velocity of the rock at any given point can be determined by adding it's translational velocity at the center of mass (the orange arrow) with it's rotational velocity. Vrock= Vcenter of mass + Wrock Where V is the translational velocity, and W is the angular velocity This can be simplified to Vrock=WDR Where D is the distance from the road at the point of contact in terms of R, the Radius. That is to say, that the velocity at the top of the tire would be Vrock=W(2R) =2Vcenter That is to say, that the rock at the top of the tire may be going twice as fast as car itself. Similarly, at the point of contact of with the road, the velocity of the rock is 0. So this leaves one to ask, how do those pesky rocks get thrown at a windshield? If it is hit by the following car, then it is because the rock was thrown somewhat vertically, slowed down by air resistance and the car behind it ran into the rock. It can also be hit by a car going in the opposite direction. The magnitude of this collision will be much greater because it involves objects going in opposing directions. This is why the worse rock chips are often from cars going in the opposite direction, and why it is possible to throw rocks at yourself, which often do not do any damage. Tires are thrown from tires because the centrifugal force expels snow, rocks, and other foreign objects. alexisrober15http://www.blogger.com/profile/08364538134007075216noreply@blogger.com0